See 背く on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "背く intransitive godan",
"ruby": [
[
"背",
"そむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "somuku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "背き",
"roman": "somuki",
"ruby": [
[
"背",
"そむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "背いた",
"roman": "somuita",
"ruby": [
[
"背",
"そむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "背か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "そむか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "somuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "背き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "somuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "背く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "somuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "背く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "そむく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "somuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "背け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "そむけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "somuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "背け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "somuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "背かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "somukareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "背かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "背かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "背ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "そむける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "somukeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "背こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "そむこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "somukō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "背かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "背かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "背きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "そむきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "somukimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "背いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "そむいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "somuita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "背いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "そむいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "somuite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "背けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "そむけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "somukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "反く",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"form": "叛く",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"form": "負く",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "そむく",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "背(そむ)く • (somuku) intransitive godan (stem 背(そむ)き (somuki), past 背(そむ)いた (somuita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 32 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"be contrary"
],
"id": "en-背く-ja-verb-MyUPbv8a",
"links": [
[
"contrary",
"contrary"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "96 3 1",
"roman": "hansuru",
"ruby": [
[
"反",
"はん"
]
],
"sense": "be contrary",
"word": "反する"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 68 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 54 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 69 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 64 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 56 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 66 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 84 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 86 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defy; ignore; run counter to; break a rule"
],
"id": "en-背く-ja-verb-iy50v~QP",
"links": [
[
"defy",
"defy"
],
[
"ignore",
"ignore"
],
[
"counter",
"counter"
],
[
"break",
"break"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 37 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"betray one's party or country; go back on someone; break an agreement"
],
"id": "en-背く-ja-verb-bcSpLID3",
"links": [
[
"betray",
"betray"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "そむく"
},
{
"ipa": "[so̞mɯ̟kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "背く"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 背 read as そむ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "背く intransitive godan",
"ruby": [
[
"背",
"そむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "somuku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "背き",
"roman": "somuki",
"ruby": [
[
"背",
"そむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "背いた",
"roman": "somuita",
"ruby": [
[
"背",
"そむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "背か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "そむか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "somuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "背き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "somuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "背く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "somuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "背く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "そむく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "somuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "背け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "そむけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "somuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "背け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "somuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "背かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "somukareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "背かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "背かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "背ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "そむける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "somukeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "背こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "そむこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "somukō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "背かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "背かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "そむかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "somukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "背きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "そむきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "somukimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "背いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "そむいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "somuita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "背いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "そむいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "somuite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "背けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "そむけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "somukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "反く",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"form": "叛く",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"form": "負く",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "そむく",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "背(そむ)く • (somuku) intransitive godan (stem 背(そむ)き (somuki), past 背(そむ)いた (somuita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"be contrary"
],
"links": [
[
"contrary",
"contrary"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defy; ignore; run counter to; break a rule"
],
"links": [
[
"defy",
"defy"
],
[
"ignore",
"ignore"
],
[
"counter",
"counter"
],
[
"break",
"break"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"betray one's party or country; go back on someone; break an agreement"
],
"links": [
[
"betray",
"betray"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "そむく"
},
{
"ipa": "[so̞mɯ̟kɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "hansuru",
"ruby": [
[
"反",
"はん"
]
],
"sense": "be contrary",
"word": "反する"
}
],
"word": "背く"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 背く meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.